Definition
Any of a class of naturally occurring nitrogen-containing
organic bases. Many alkaloids are pharmacologically active and/or poisonous.
Alkaloid classifications
* Pyridine group: piperine, coniine, trigonelline, arecoline, arecaidine, guvacine, cytisine, lobeline,
nicotine, anabasine, sparteine, pelletierine.
* Pyrrolidine group: hygrine, cuscohygrine, nicotine
* Tropane group:
atropine,
cocaine, ecgonine,
scopolamine, catuabine
* Quinoline group: quinine, quinidine, dihydroquinine, dihydroquinidine, strychnine, brucine, veratrine, cevadine
* Isoquinoline group:
opium alkaloids (
papaverine,
narcotine, narceine), sanguinarine, hydrastine, berberine, emetine, berbamine, oxyacanthine
* Phenanthrene alkaloids:
opium alkaloids (
morphine,
codeine,
thebaine)
* Phenethylamine group:
mescaline,
ephedrine,
dopamine
*
Indole group:
o
Tryptamines:
serotonin,
DMT,
5-MeO-DMT,
bufotenine,
psilocybin
o
Ergolines (the ergot alkaloids):
ergine, ergotamine,
lysergic acid
o Beta-carbolines:
harmine,
harmaline,
tetrahydroharmine
o Yohimbans: reserpine,
yohimbine
o Vinca alkaloids: vinblastine, vincristine
o
Kratom (
Mitragyna speciosa) alkaloids: mitragynine, 7-hydroxymitragynine
o
Tabernanthe iboga alkaloids:
ibogaine, voacangine, coronaridine
o Strychnos nux-vomica alkaloids: strychnine, brucine
* Purine group:
o Xanthines:
caffeine,
theobromine,
theophylline
* Terpenoid group:
o Aconitum alkaloids: aconitine
o
Steroid alkaloids (containing a steroid skeleton in a nitrogen containing structure):
+ Solanum (e.g. potato and tomato) alkaloids (solanidine, solanine, chaconine)
+ Veratrum alkaloids (veratramine, cyclopamine, cycloposine, jervine, muldamine)[2]
+ Fire Salamander alkaloids (samandarin)
+ Others: conessine
* Quaternary ammonium compounds: muscarine,
choline, neurine
* Miscellaneous:
capsaicin, cynarin, phytolaccine, phytolaccotoxin
